NATIONALISM: The fight for National independence by people under foreign domination

The treaty of Westphalia

Who:

• Roman empire
• Ferdinad III
• The kingdoms of Spain
• France and Sweden
• The Dutch republic
• Allies created within the Holy Empire

What:

• It ended the 30 year war in Germany and the 80 year war between Spain and the Netherlands
• Terms made by the Cardinal Mazarin of France

When:

• The treaty started in 1648 of May 15th and October 24th

Where:

• Negotiations were held within Osanbruk and Munster. These two locations were used due to the long feud between those of Protestant and Christian origin: Munster was of Catholic and Osnabruk Protestant.

Why:

• It started the basis of a diplomatic congress creating peace in Europe bringing forth the rise of Nation-state Sovereignty: independent authority over a geographic area, such as a territory ( In this case over a state )

Zionism
-After world war 1
-Consisted of Jewish
-Balfur Declaration, gave the Jews hope of returning to their ancient Middle Eastern lands of origin
-Movement originating in Eastern Europe during 1860's and 70's that argued that Jews must return to a middle eastern Holy land; later Identified with the settlement of Palestine

Monroe Doctrine
-American declaration stated in 1823; Protected Americans from Europe colonialization; Supported by Great Brittan as a means of opening up Latin American trade

Argentine Republic
-Replaced state or Buenos Aines in 1862' Resulted of compromise between Centeralislts and Federalists

Balkan Nationalisms
-Movements to create independent nations within Balkan possessions of Ottoman empires; provoked a series of crises within Europe Alliances systems; eventually led to world war 1

Unification of Italy
-Political and social movement that brought together the spererated city states which then formed Italy
-The struggle for Italian unification was perceived to be waged primarily against the Austrian empire and the Habsurg

Unification of Germany
When :18 January 1871
Where: the Versaillies Palace's Hall of Mirrors in France
-Another unification of "Germany's nation states
-1866 Prussia emerged as a supreme power

Brazilian Independence
- by the 18th centruy, Brazil had grown population and economic importance.
-European demand for colonial products such as sugar, cotton and cacao.
-Independence in minas gerias in 1788.
-Napoleonic invasions provoked an outcome in Portugal different from that in Spain. Dom Joao VI lived in brazil and ruled the empire.
The rise of Printing press technology began.
-Brazilian independence in 1822, he became Dom Pedro I.



Accomplishments:

• Germany was given back its rights in order to be free of religious endeavors from the Holy empire
• Protestants and Catholics gained equality before the law
• All parties would recognize the peace of Augsburg giving the princes rule over their own nation to do as the please without any interference from others.
• Territorial Adjustments
• Independence of Bremen barriers of trade taken down

Nationalism: Nationalism was the fight for the peoples individuals rights within there society due to the fact that other nations believed in the ways of Imperialisms.The Unifications brought upon the nations of Italy and Spain and England helped enforce these rights and join together many nations creating one as a whole. At times it took only the means of rebellion in order to gain that independence. This fight for control has led a domino effect to many nations such as our own today giving a global need for representaiton leading to todays democracy.

Industrialization

Year	Index Number
1850	10
1870	24
1895	48
1901	67
1911	96
1913	100

Iron Production (1000's Metric Tons)

	1830	1850	1913
Britain	700	2,716	9,792
France	244	1,262	4,626
Russia	167	231	3,870
Germany	111	246	14,836

Years of Life Expectancy at Birth

Country	Year: 1820	Year: 1900
Britain	40	50
Average,rest of Western Europe	36	46
United States	39	47
Japan	34	44
Russia	28	32
Average, all Latin America	27	32
Average, all Asia	23	24
Average all Africa	23	24

• Which of the data sets above do you think is the most significant? Why?

The rise in Iron Production is most astonishing. You see that production as trippled shortly between only a 20-50 year period.

• Taken together what do these data sets tell us?

Since the rise in Iron there has been an increase in life which could be considered good or bad based on the region. However due to the increase in production also means the increase in economic stability for nations such as Russia for the need of jobs.

• What was the Industrial revolution?
• What was its origins?

Industrialization was able to start with the rise of Enlightenment ideas and primacy in world trade

• What were its major effects?

Increase in jobs within the society
Increase in life expectancy
Dramatic increase in speed and mobility within and out of the nation
Growth in spread of economies
Growth of cities and buildings
Exploration

Imperialism: A policy of extending another countries rule over foreign countries

Domination of the small over the week

british_empire.png

The spread of Imperalism throught the world with the works of the British Empire

• Colonial conrol expansion was great going past the population of Britian, France, Belgium, and Netherlands. However Germany it's self did not fall completly into the control. Not even half of the population was taken over

• Every cotinent taken over is some form with british control
• Naval stations= Coaling stations

7) (Map): The nation spread of imperialism world wide

Motivations:

• E - Economic- the increase in raw material from take overs increase the max need for trade with other regions of the world
• M - Military- As shown in the map there was a rise in islands found within the seas giving not only room for naval military services but also coal facilities
• P - Political- Over dominance of control
• I - Ideological- Salvation of the people
• R - Religious- Christianity
• E - Exploratory

Read more: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_motives_for_imperialism#ixzz1G98aybtk

• The British East India Company

-The workings of London businessmen (stock-holders) who banded together in order to increase economic stability by importing spices from South Asia. This spread though all of Asia and the Middle east

• Sepoy's

- the lowest enlisted rank in the British Indian army consisting of Natives

• British Raj

-the name given to the period of British colonial rulers in South Asia between 1858 and 1947

• Partition of Africa/ Berlin Conference

-Began in with the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885, and was the cause of most of Africa’s borders. It was created to stop war between European countries that where fighting over land
-Invited: Germany, France, Great Britain, Netherlands, Belgium, Portugal, and Spain
-Minor players: Austria-Hungary, Sweden-Norway, Denmark, Italy, Turkey, and Russia
Main need for land: Religious conversion and trading territory
-The conference only dealt with territories yet to be acquired in Africa which meant the interior land area since Europe held most of the coastal ports

• Settlement Colonies

-Large European migrations in looks for permanent homes. Altered many social and political domination
-Aided to the increased immune system in Africa

• White Dominions

- Colonies in which European settlers made up the overwhelming majority of the population; small numbers of native inhabitants were typically reduced by disease and wars of conquest

• Cecil Rhodes

- British colonial financier and statesman in South Africa; made a fortune in gold and diamond mining; helped colonize the territory now known as Zimbabwe; he endowed annual fellowships for British Commonwealth and United States students to study at Oxford University (1853-1902)

• James Cook

- An english navigator (captain) who claimed the east coast of Australia for Britain and discovered several Pacific islands through the forming of his maps

Country	How Britain gained control - steps to conquest	Actions taken by Britain when in control/power	Effects/Reactions
India (note this will be more notes than the following two nations.)	Resembled dutch capture of Java sepoys Break down of Mughal Empire	War with indian princes colonial market policies New class over social order social reformers banned sati and legalized widow marriage Education of girls.	rise of british raj creating princely states Economic poverty revolt of 1857
South Africa	Boer war which was cheap due to the fact that South Africa was less developed then those of the Britian colonies	Eradicating slavery by the evangelicas that the British brought in Follow Bore pioneers along the southern and eastern coast creating second out post at Durban in Natal Move into Orange free state in search for diamonds	Created major changes between the Boers and the indigenous people Transformed the nature of the settlement colonies Boers flee to Cape
New Zealand	Occupied most fertile islands	Internal administration of the Island turned over to the settlers representatives White Dominos	Sent Maori into dispair Religious turn Extinction New born immunities and British laws and politics used against the british

When a nation fights for Nationalism and the power of imperialism they are fighting for the free rights and the coming independence of their region from opposing forces of others. If when that freedom is reached they find the increase in commercial opportunity the chance to rise in Industrialization is reached. Each right or rise is linked together. However nationalism and imperialism are two different things. Of course the goal is power from or over another country however nationalism focuses of the people’s rights where Imperialism falls over the dominating of those rights. Industrialization falls under these categories in the economic need that both attributes need. Industrialization increases the rise in technology and aids the coming of alliances with other nation in order to increase trading productivity.